To limit the use of natural resources, PPC investigated the substitution of natural materials with synthetic or secondary ones. At the PPC Jupiter factory, natural sand is replaced by sand recovered from old mine dumps, and iron is replaced by magnetite, a by-product of the phosphorous industry. This preserves natural resources, and the use of mine sand also provides a solution for sand removal from a gold-mining operation located in the factory's vicinity. In the year under review, PPC recovered 19 844 tons of sand for use at Jupiter. The volumes of shale and synthetic gypsum consumed by all PPC operations for the period 2007/08 are not regarded as material and are not contained in this report.